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The 2009 Peruvian political crisis resulted from the ongoing opposition to oil development in the Peruvian Amazon by local Native Americans; they protested Petroperú and confronted the National Police. At the forefront of the movement to resist the development was Asociación Interétnica de Desarrollo de la Selva (AIDESEP), a coalition of indigenous community organizations in the region.〔("Inside the Peruvian Amazon" ), ''The Real News,'' 12 June 2009〕 Following the government's decision to pass regulations allowing companies access to the Amazon, natives conducted more than a year of declared opposition and advocacy to change this policy, including 65 straight days of civil disobedience. In June 2009, the Garcia government suspended civil liberties, declared a state of emergency, and sent in the military to stop the protests.〔Ben Powless ''(Peru: Battle lines drawn over the Amazon )'', rabble.ca, 8 June 2009. Accessed 17 July 2009. (Archived ) 2009-08-06.〕 The military intervention, referred to as the ''Baguazo'', resulted in two days of bloody confrontations,〔 resulting in a total of 32 police deaths, 41 native deaths and more than 150 native wounded. This conflict has been described as Peru's worst political violence in years and is the worst crisis of President Alan García's presidency.〔〔 Prime Minister Yehude Simon was forced to resign his post in the aftermath, and Congress repealed the laws that led to the protests. ==Background== A free trade agreement negotiated between Peru and the United States that came into effect in February 2009 required certain changes in law allowing private companies access to the Amazon for development of resources. The Congress of Peru granted the government authority to implement the required regulatory changes. Indigenous tribes insisted that some of the new government regulations introduced by President Alan García in 2008 threatened the safety of their natural resources and would enable foreign companies to exploit them. Protests ensued in August 2008, and Congress repealed two laws and promised to examine and vote on others. When that didn't happen, protests and blockades resumed in April 2009.〔(ANALYSIS-"Peru Amazon conflict exposes rift over economic policy" ), Reuters, 9 June 2009〕〔("Peru's Deadly Battle Over Oil in the Amazon" ), ''Time'', 10 June 2009〕〔 In the early 21st century, exploitation of mineral resources has been criticized by researchers based on the link they have shown between the abundance of natural resources (particularly minerals and oil) of a country and its poor growth performance, as well as poor governmental policies and institutions (subject to ills such as corruption, weak governance, rent-seeking, plunder). They found this relationship is especially related to development of 'point source' minerals such as mines and oil fields, which produce high value for few people, as opposed to agricultural diffuse development, which involves large quantities of workers, forcing benefits to be shared.〔MRE: 〕 Some believe that Peruvian oil development functions in such a model of 'point source', providing grievances and low benefit to local populations. In 2008 an oil scandal shook the government of Alan García when audio tapes revealing corruption and conflict of interest were released to the press. The tapes contained the conversations of Rómulo León, an important member of the ruling Apra party negotiating bribes from foreign companies in order to allow them to drill for petroleum in the Peruvian Amazon region. Romulo León was imprisoned, yet his daughter, Luciana León, a member of congress, continues to work in the parliament despite e-mail messages found by investigators that revealed that she was aware of and participating in her father's activities. In June 2009, as the dispute worsened, the government ordered the military in to assist the police.〔 The deaths resulted in two clashes fought in the Amazon jungle on 5 and 6 June 2009.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「2009 Peruvian political crisis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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